In this lesson plan, we'll explore the concept of number pairs that add up to ten. This skill helps develop fluency in addition and subtraction. We'll start by discovering number pairs that make 10 using visual representations like part-part-whole diagrams. Understanding these pairs not only reinforces number relationships but also builds confidence in mental math.
Here are a few concepts that are helpful to know for the lesson:
Making 10: Understanding pairs that make 10 involves partitioning the number 10 into two parts and establishing part-part-whole relationships where 10 represents the whole. For instance, understanding that 3 and 7 together make 10, where 10 is the whole.
Mental Arithmetic Skills: Fluently recognizing pairs that make 10 enhances mental arithmetic abilities. It allows learners to quickly add or subtract numbers involving 10, making arithmetic with larger numbers more manageable.
Composing and Decomposing 10: Finding pairs that make ten is sometimes described as composing and decomposing ten. Composing 10 involves finding the parts that add up to 10 (e.g., ? + ? = 10), while decomposing 10 involves breaking it down into its constituent parts (e.g., 10 = ? + ?).
Teaching Plan
The following activities will help your learner develop fluency in finding and using pairs that make 10. Be sure to work at a pace that is comfortable for your learner.
Examples and visuals to support the lesson:
1. Finding Pairs That Make 10
This activity will reinforce your learner's understanding of partitioning numbers but focusing on the number 10.
Start by asking your learner to find pairs of numbers that make ten. Have them represent the pairs with part-part-whole diagrams (cherry or bar models).
You can also make a poster of the part-part-whole diagrams for your learner to refer to as needed.
Refer to their understanding of partitioning odd and even numbers to help them remember the pairs. Since ten is an even number it can be partitioned into either two even numbers or two odd numbers.
Provide your learner with part-part-whole models that have 10 as the whole and one of the parts filled in. Have your learner fill in the missing part and explain how they know it is correct.
Skill Check
I can use part-part-whole models to find pairs that make 10.
2. Developing Fluency
Once your learner is confident in partitioning ten and finding missing parts, you can help them develop fluency in identifying pairs that make 10.
Practice with flashcards, games, and other interactive activities. For example, play a game of "Snap" using two sets of 0 to 10 number cards. Each player flips a card from their set and the players say "snap!" when pairs with a sum of ten are revealed.
You can also provide your learner with cards that have addition expressions written on them. Have your learner sort the expressions into two groups - those that have a sum of ten and those that don't.
There is no need to ask your learner to calculate the sums that don't equal ten. For this activity, the focus is for your learner to be able to identify at a glance whether two numbers have a sum of ten or not.
To provide further challenge, you can ask your learner whether the numbers have a sum greater or less than ten. For example, since 7 + 3 is equal to 10, then 7 + 4 must be greater than 10.
Skill Check
I can look at a pair of numbers and know if they make 10 or not.
3. Using Pairs That Make 10 to Solve Equations
In this activity, your learner will apply their understanding of pairs that make 10 to solve missing number problems.
Provide your learner with missing addend problems where the sum is ten. Include a variety of problems where the first addend is missing (such as ? + 4 = 10) or the second addend is missing (such as 4 + ? = 10).
Next, move on to subtraction from ten. Provide missing difference problems (e.g. 10 - 8 = ?) and missing subtrahend problems (e.g. 10 - ? = 4) for practice. Emphasize that we don't need to "count back" to subtract from ten. Instead, we can use our knowledge of pairs that make ten.
Skill Check
I can use what I know about pairs that make 10 to solve missing number problems.
Summary
By the end of this lesson plan, your learner will have mastered identifying number pairs that make 10 and applying this knowledge to solve equations. This skill not only enhances their arithmetic abilities but also cultivates a deeper understanding of number relationships. Through engaging activities like games and interactive exercises, learners will develop fluency and confidence in manipulating numbers, setting a solid foundation for future math skills.
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Skill Check